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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is commonly called the Soviet Union. The USSR is a former country in eastern Europe and northern Asia which was established in 1922 as a union of Russia and other soviet republics.

The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 as a number of its republics declared independence. The USSR was officially dissolved on December 31, 1991.

References:

Sputnik (Miscellaneous)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Miscellaneous)
Russia (Miscellaneous)
Yuri Gagarin (Miscellaneous)
Kazakhstan (Miscellaneous)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Miscellaneous)
Astronaut (Miscellaneous)
NASA (Miscellaneous)
Kosmos 419 (Miscellaneous)
Zond 5 (Miscellaneous)
Sputnik 1 Becomes First Artificial Satellite (October 4, 1957) - On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully placed the world's first artificial satellite into orbit around Earth.